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PCBA電子加工常用電子元器件介紹

日期(qi):2019-05-27 / 人(ren)氣: / 來源:189hi.cn

PCBA加(jia)工(gong)是經過SMT和DIP等工(gong)藝將所(suo)需電子(zi)元(yuan)器件(jian)焊接安裝(zhuang)到(dao)PCB板上的(de)整(zheng)個過程。其中所(suo)用到(dao)的(de)電子(zi)元(yuan)器件(jian)通常有下(xia)面一些主要類型:電阻器、電容器、電感線圈(quan)、變壓器、二極管、三(san)極管、場效應管。

電阻器

電(dian)(dian)阻器(qi)是具(ju)有一定電(dian)(dian)阻值(zhi)的電(dian)(dian)子(zi)元器(qi)件,簡稱電(dian)(dian)阻,是組成電(dian)(dian)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)路不可缺少的元件。電(dian)(dian)阻基本單位是歐姆(Ω),電(dian)(dian)阻常(chang)用下面兩種(zhong)符號表示。

電阻

電容器

電(dian)(dian)容(rong)是(shi)一種儲(chu)能元件(jian),儲(chu)存電(dian)(dian)荷的(de)能力用電(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)來標注(zhu),基本單位(wei)是(shi)法拉(F),常用單位(wei)是(shi)微法(μF)和(he)皮法(pF)。電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器多用于(yu)電(dian)(dian)路的(de)濾(lv)波、耦合、調諧、隔(ge)直、延時、交(jiao)流旁(pang)路和(he)能量(liang)轉換。電(dian)(dian)容(rong)常用下面的(de)符號(hao)表示。

電容

電感線圈

電(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)是能(neng)夠把電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉化為磁(ci)能(neng)而存(cun)儲起來(lai)的(de)元件。電(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)的(de)結構類似于變(bian)壓器(qi),但只(zhi)有(you)一個繞組。電(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)具有(you)一定的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan),它只(zhi)阻(zu)礙電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)變(bian)化。如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)在(zai)沒有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)通過(guo)的(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下(xia),電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)接通時(shi)它將試(shi)圖阻(zu)礙電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)過(guo)它;如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)在(zai)有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)通過(guo)的(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下(xia),電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)斷開時(shi)它將試(shi)圖維(wei)持電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不變(bian)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)又稱扼(e)流(liu)器(qi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)、動(dong)態(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)線圈與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)容一樣,是電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)中最(zui)常用(yong)的(de)元器(qi)件之一。基本單位是亨利(H)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)常用(yong)下(xia)面的(de)符號(hao)表示(shi)。

電感

變壓器

在(zai)一(yi)個鐵芯上繞(rao)兩組線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)就構成了變(bian)壓器,接在(zai)交流電(dian)源的(de)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(L1)習慣上稱之為初級線(xian)(xian)圈(quan),與負(fu)載相連的(de)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(L2)稱次級線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)。變(bian)壓器在(zai)電(dian)路中主(zhu)要是(shi)用(yong)來提升或(huo)降低交流電(dian)壓,或(huo)者是(shi)進行(xing)阻(zu)抗變(bian)換以滿(man)足不同電(dian)路的(de)阻(zu)抗匹配。變(bian)壓器常(chang)用(yong)下面(mian)符號表示。

變壓器

二極管

二(er)(er)極管,是一(yi)個由(you)p型半導(dao)體(ti)(ti)和(he)n型半導(dao)體(ti)(ti)形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)p-n結(jie),在其界面處(chu)兩(liang)側形(xing)成空間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷層,并建(jian)(jian)有自(zi)建(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)。當(dang)不存在外加(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)時(shi)(shi),由(you)于p-n結(jie)兩(liang)邊載流子(zi)(zi)濃度(du)差引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擴散(san)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)自(zi)建(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漂(piao)移(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流相(xiang)等而處(chu)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平衡(heng)狀態。當(dang)外界有正(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)偏置時(shi)(shi),外界電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)和(he)自(zi)建(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)互相(xiang)抑消作用(yong)使載流子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擴散(san)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流增加(jia)(jia)引起了正(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。當(dang)外界有反(fan)(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)偏置時(shi)(shi),外界電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)和(he)自(zi)建(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)進(jin)一(yi)步加(jia)(jia)強,形(xing)成在一(yi)定反(fan)(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)范圍內與反(fan)(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)偏置電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)值無關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)飽和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。當(dang)外加(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高到(dao)一(yi)定程度(du)時(shi)(shi),p-n結(jie)空間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷層中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)強度(du)達到(dao)臨界值,產生大量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)空穴(xue)對,形(xing)成了數值很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)擊(ji)(ji)穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流,稱(cheng)為二(er)(er)極管的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)(ji)穿現象。二(er)(er)極管常用(yong)下面符號(hao)表(biao)示(shi)。

二極管

三極管

三(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)的全(quan)稱應為半(ban)導體(ti)三(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan),也(ye)稱為雙極(ji)(ji)(ji)型晶體(ti)管(guan)或晶體(ti)三(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan),是(shi)一種電流(liu)控制電流(liu)的半(ban)導體(ti)器件。其(qi)作用(yong)是(shi)把微弱(ruo)信號放大(da)成輻值較(jiao)大(da)的電信號,也(ye)用(yong)作無觸點開(kai)關。三(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)常用(yong)下面符(fu)號表示(shi)。

三極管

場效應管

場(chang)效(xiao)應晶(jing)體(ti)管(guan)屬于(yu)電(dian)壓控制型半導體(ti)器(qi)件。與(yu)三極管(guan)相比,場(chang)效(xiao)應管(guan)具有(you)輸入電(dian)阻高、噪聲小(xiao)、功耗低、熱穩(wen)定性好、動態范圍大、易(yi)于(yu)集成(cheng)、沒有(you)二次擊穿現象、安全工作區域寬等優(you)點,易(yi)于(yu)做成(cheng)大規模集成(cheng)電(dian)路(lu),在高頻、中(zhong)頻、低頻、直流(liu)、開關及阻抗變換電(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)有(you)廣泛應用(yong)。場(chang)效(xiao)應管(guan)常用(yong)下面符號表(biao)示(shi)。

場效應管

以上(shang)是(shi)PCBA加工(gong)中常用(yong)到的(de)一些電(dian)子(zi)元器件,也是(shi)最(zui)基(ji)礎的(de)一些電(dian)子(zi)元器件,在幾(ji)乎所有不同的(de)PCBA加工(gong)中均會涉及到上(shang)述器件的(de)使(shi)用(yong)

【格亞信電子】是專業從事電子產品設計、電子方案開發、電子產品PCBA加工的(de)深圳電(dian)子方(fang)案公(gong)司,主要設(she)計電(dian)子產品包括(kuo)工控(kong)、汽車、電(dian)源(yuan)、通信(xin)、安(an)防(fang)、醫療(liao)電(dian)子產品開發(fa)。

公司核(he)心(xin)業務是提供(gong)以工(gong)控電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、汽車電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、醫療電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、安防(fang)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、消費(fei)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、通訊電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、電(dian)源電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)等(deng)多領(ling)域的(de)(de)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)品設計、方案開發(fa)及加工(gong)生產(chan)的(de)(de)一站式(shi)PCBA服(fu)務,為滿(man)足不同客戶需求可提供(gong)中(zhong)小(xiao)批量PCBA加工(gong)。

公司產品涵蓋工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業生產設(she)備控(kong)制設(she)備電(dian)子(zi)開(kai)發、汽(qi)車MCU電(dian)子(zi)控(kong)制系統方(fang)(fang)案設(she)計(ji)、伺服控(kong)制板PCBA加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、數(shu)控(kong)機床主板PCBA加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),智能家居(ju)電(dian)子(zi)研發、3D打(da)印機控(kong)制板PCBA加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)等(deng)領域。業務(wu)流程包括電(dian)子(zi)方(fang)(fang)案開(kai)發設(she)計(ji)、PCB生產、元器件采購、SMT貼(tie)片加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、樣機制作調試、PCBA中小批量加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生產、后期質(zhi)保維護一站式(shi)PCBA加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)服務(wu)。

http://189hi.cn/

作者:PCBA加工


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